Tag Archives: hospital admissions

Medicines lethal side effects

AT least 25 deaths a week are linked to the side effects of different medicines, figures reveal.

Last year 1,433 deaths were associated with severe reactions to drugs, while 23,247 suffered side effects or serious adverse reactions, leading to 12 hospital admissions a day.

Deaths associated with drugs have soared 20 per cent in the past year and this year’s total is the highest recorded so far. In 1997 there were 447 deaths.

However, experts say only 10 per cent of cases are reported because the system is voluntary.

Concerned scientists recently wrote to David Cameron and Health Secretary Andrew Lansley calling for testing procedures to be overhauled.

They say one of the key problems is too much reliance by the pharmaceuticals industry on the use of animals for testing.

Dr Bob Coleman, adviser to the Safer Medicines Trust, said: “Developments in technology and the availability of human tissue mean it is now easier to carry out drug tests in the lab without using animals.

Medicines

Medicines

“You can prove what you like in a mouse but it is not a human and there is complacency on this.”

The figures were gathered using the Government’s “yellow card” scheme where doctors and patients can report side effects to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

Adverse drug reactions are believed to account for one in 16 admissions to hospital, costing the NHS £466million a year. The drug linked most often to patient deaths is the anti-psychotic clozapine, with 399 suspected fatal reactions last year.

The painkiller morphine and tranquilliser diazepam were linked to 25 and 17 deaths respectively while the blood-thinner warfarin was blamed for 17 patient deaths.

Capecitabine, used to treat breast and colon cancer patients, was eighth on the list, connected to 20 suspected fatal reactions. A spokesman for the MHPRA said: “All medicines have side ^ªeffects and no effective medicine is without risk.


“The fact that an adverse reaction has been reported does not necessarily mean that the medicine has been proven to cause the reaction.”

William Anderson, a father of two, died of a heart attack at 56, two years after he was prescribed the painkiller vioxx for his arthritic hip.

Given to hundreds of thousands of patients, vioxx was banned in October 2004 after studies linked it with an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.

His son, William, 40, is one of 250 relatives or patients taking legal action against the makers.

Chris Wilkinson died, aged 63, after he was put on a trial of a drug which caused his liver to fail. Mr Wilkinson, of Didcot, Oxfordshire, had been cleared of kidney cancer and was given the drug to prevent it returning.

His wife Susanna said: “This drug was not safe for my husband. You would think that by the time they are carrying out trials in humans the risks would be minimal.”

Allergies on the increase

There is little doubt within the medical profession that the number of allergies in the UK is increasing.

Research published in 2007 showed the number of hospital admissions for food allergies had increased by 500% since 1990.

Meanwhile, cases of hay fever, asthma and eczema have been rising for three decades, meaning as many as one in three people are thought to be affected by an allergy at some point in their lives, according to the charity Allergy UK.

This has led to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence publishing guidelines on how to deal with allergies in children.

Dr Adam Fox, from Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital, who helped write the guidelines, says: “As this is a new pattern of disease, some GPs have found it hard to get up to speed with all of the skills they need to accurately assess children.”

Allergic reactions come from the immune system reacting to harmless substances as if they were a threat to the body.

Symptoms can include sneezing, skin rashes and potentially life-threatening anaphylactic reactions.

But why are the number of cases increasing? Dr Fox says there is no easy answer: “There are lots of theories, unfortunately lots of them have holes in them and we don’t really know the answer.”

Allergies

Allergies

As Dr Fox suggests, the truth is there is no all-encompassing piece of research which says “the rise in allergies is as a result of …”

The House of Lords Science and Technology Committee reviewed the evidence in 2007 after speaking to a several specialists. Their report suggested that the following could contribute to allergies:

*Hygiene theory – Living cleaner lifestyles means the immune system has fewer germs to deal with and over reacts when it comes into contact with harmless substances

*Mother’s diet – Pregnancy and breastfeeding could offer protection against allergies

*Allergen exposure – Higher exposure to substances which provoke an immune reaction

*Atmospheric pollution – Chemicals in the air provoking an immune response


Whatever the reasons, the GP remains the first point of call for a suspected allergy.

The new guidelines for England and Wales give detailed advice about how to recognise symptoms and when to refer to specialists.

Diagnosing an allergy can include eliminating foods which are suspected of causing a reaction and reintroducing them later or by doing a blood test which searches for the antibodies produced in reaction to a substance.

If this does not work then patients can be referred on to a specialist. The British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology lists more than 90 NHS allergy specialist centres in the UK.

But Allergy UK says this is not enough. It wants doctors to set up specialist allergy services within their surgeries to make sure parents concerned about allergic reactions are given more time than in a standard GP appointment.